Yes, the hub is identical
Same 4x108 PCD and same 65.1 mm centre bore: wheels from Peugeot 1007 bolt on and centre on Peugeot 305 without rings. You still need to check the offset and tyres, detailed below.
≈: width estimated from the original tyre size.
Wheel by wheel: offset and tyres
Each original wheel from Peugeot 1007 is compared with the one from Peugeot 305 of the same diameter: how much closer the wheel gets to the shock absorber or how far it sticks out of the wheel arch, and whether the tyre keeps the same overall diameter.
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≈5.5Jx14 ET27 · 175/65R14 — Check on the car
Compared with the original ≈5Jx14 ET23 on Peugeot 305: shock absorber side +10.4 mm, wheel arch side +2.3 mm, tyre diameter −0.6 %.
Comparison for guidance only (estimated width). Check in detail
Before fitting the wheels
An identical hub is not enough: offset, width and diameter change the position of the wheel, and larger calipers can touch a smaller wheel. Original wheels often use bolts or nuts with a specific seat: keep the fixings intended for the wheel, with the thread of Peugeot 305 (Ecrous - 12x1.25), tightened to the torque shown on its vehicle page. Finally, check that the size is among the approved fitments for your vehicle. This comparison is for guidance only: have the fitting approved by a professional.
And the other way round: wheels from Peugeot 305 on Peugeot 1007?